Puhan, Rasmi Ranjan, Lakshmipriya Malla, and Santosh Kumar Behera. next invariant forces in Teacher Education: A concave economy on Pre-Service and In-service Emerging Teachers. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(12A), 1-7. Puhan, Rasmi Ranjan, Lakshmipriya Malla, and Santosh Kumar Behera.